Past Climate Change in the oceans: Test your knowledge!

Past Climate Change:in the oceans: Test your knowledge!

After our exploring past changes in ocean circulation, it is now time to put the events and theories to the test. Test your knowledge!

1. The cause behind Younger Dryas (YD) has been described as a 'hosing scenario'. What is this?
Large freshwater input into N. Alantic ceases thermohaline circulation, causing cooling.

Large freshwater input into Southern Ocean causing a shutdown of the thermohaline circulation.

Method of Geoengineering to combat global warming.

2.    In what way did, Murton et al. (2010) offer a new perspective on the Younger Dryas?

YD was triggered by freshwater outburst into the Arctic Ocean.

YD was triggered by freshwater discharge into the St Lawrence valley.

No idea.

3.   The Late Cretaceous has described as a useful analogue for predicting future climate change. Why?

 A greenhouse gas interval

High Volcanic Activity

Dinosaurs return

4. What is Milennial-scale climate variability?

That which occurs on timescales of 1000's of years.

That which occurs ever millenium.

That which occurs every million years.

5. Name two-processes of Millennial-scale climate change?

Dansgaard-Oeschger Cycles (D/O) and Heinrich Events.

Heinrich cycles and Dansgaard-Oeschger Cycles (D/O).

The Sun and volcanoes.

6. D/O events occur on a 1500 year cycle. How are Heinrich events different

Low frequency, High amplitude (Global Impact).

Ice-rafting debris events.

There have only occured six times in the last glacial. From 70,000 to 14,000 yr ago.

7. Name one perspective on theorizing milennial-scale climate variability

Internal ice-sheet dynamics.

External climate change.

Global Warming.

8. What do ice cores reveal about the North and South Hemispheres?

They are out of phase.

They show synchronous behaviour.

 They show asynchronous behaviour.

9. What greenhouse gas is used as a tool to help address this problem with the ice core records?

Carbon Dioxide

CFC

Methane

10. Name a mechanism that accounts for the behaviour of the hemispheres

Bipolar Climate Seesaw

Thermal Bipolar Climate Seesaw

The Day After Tommorow

11. The Deep Ocean is postulated to have 3 modes of ocean circulation. Describe the

North Atlantic Deep Water ceases, Antartic Bottom Water fills Atlantic basin-Heinrich event.

North Atlantic Deep Water forms in the Nordic Seas.

North Atlantic Deep Water forms in the North Atlantic

12. What is the term used to describe this behaviour of the North Atlantic?

Bifurcation

Linear

Climate Skeptic

13. What is a major problem in quantifying abrupt climate changes in deep-water ocean circulation

We do not know the magnitude of the freshwater threshold

We do not know the state of the climate system in relation to the threshold

Dennis Quaid isn't leading the research